See -nya on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"-nya",
"-nya#Malay"
],
[
"*ña",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Malayic/ña"
],
[
"*ni-a",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/ni-a"
],
[
"*ni-a",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Austronesian/ni-a"
],
[
"niya",
"niya#Tagalog"
],
[
"-ne",
"-ne#Javanese"
],
[
"-na",
"-na#Madurese"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms",
"3": "-nya"
},
"expansion": "Malay -nya",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "poz-mly-pro",
"3": "*ña"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayic *ña",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*ni-a"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ni-a",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "map-pro",
"3": "*ni-a"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *ni-a",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "niya"
},
"expansion": "Tagalog niya",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "jv",
"2": "-ne"
},
"expansion": "Javanese -ne",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mad",
"2": "-na"
},
"expansion": "Madurese -na",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Malay -nya, from Proto-Malayic *ña, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ni-a, from Proto-Austronesian *ni-a (compare Tagalog niya, Javanese -ne, Madurese -na).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-nja",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-nya",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"-nya"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"",
"nya"
]
}
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 23 23 1 9 1 1 17 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
6
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
3
]
],
"english": "his mother",
"text": "ibunya",
"translation": "his mother",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Third person singular oblique enclitic pronoun",
"as a possessive adjective"
],
"id": "en--nya-id-suffix-uHThzBMX",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 23 23 1 9 1 1 17 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
14
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
9,
12
]
],
"english": "I hugged him.",
"text": "Aku memeluknya.",
"translation": "I hugged him.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
25,
28
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
16,
19
]
],
"english": "We haven't told her about this yet.",
"text": "Kami belum memberitahukannya tentang ini",
"translation": "We haven't told her about this yet.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Third person singular oblique enclitic pronoun",
"as a direct or indirect object"
],
"id": "en--nya-id-suffix-hvmNy1br",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 23 23 1 9 1 1 17 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
26,
29
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
23,
26
]
],
"english": "I borrow this pen from him.",
"text": "Aku pinjam pensil ini darinya.",
"translation": "I borrow this pen from him.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Third person singular oblique enclitic pronoun",
"as an object of a preposition, with the exception for 'di', 'ke', and sometimes 'dalam' (see the usage notes below)"
],
"id": "en--nya-id-suffix-PfaTVJCe",
"links": [
[
"di",
"di#Indonesian"
],
[
"ke",
"ke#Indonesian"
],
[
"dalam",
"dalam#Indonesian"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_literal_offsets": [
[
0,
3
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
11
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
3
]
],
"english": "The building is beautiful.",
"literal_meaning": "Its building (is) beautiful.",
"text": "Bangunannya indah",
"translation": "The building is beautiful.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_literal_offsets": [
[
11,
14
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
10
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
9,
12
]
],
"english": "Where is the cloth?",
"literal_meaning": "Where (is) its cloth?",
"text": "Pakaiannya mana?",
"translation": "Where is the cloth?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to mark definiteness"
],
"id": "en--nya-id-suffix-gQW9CuTe",
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"(in some contexts and positions only) used to mark definiteness"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in some contexts and positions only"
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_literal_offsets": [
[
5,
7
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
7
]
],
"english": "my book",
"literal_meaning": "book of me",
"text": "bukunya aku",
"translation": "my book",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_literal_offsets": [
[
14,
16
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
8
]
],
"english": "Dani's older brother",
"literal_meaning": "older brother of Dani",
"text": "abangnya Dani",
"translation": "Dani's older brother",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to mark possessive, especially in some context where it needs to be clear"
],
"id": "en--nya-id-suffix-qkFLtWBN",
"links": [
[
"possessive",
"possessive#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"used to mark possessive, especially in some context where it needs to be clear"
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
8
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
3
]
],
"english": "How sweet this candy is!",
"text": "Manisnya permen ini!",
"translation": "How sweet this candy is!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to emphasize an adjective"
],
"id": "en--nya-id-suffix-JlP4ulU3",
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"used to emphasize an adjective"
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
8
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
15,
17
]
],
"english": "the extinction of a language (punah means 'extinct')",
"text": "punahnya suatu bahasa",
"translation": "the extinction of a language (punah means 'extinct')",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
8
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
13,
15
]
],
"english": "the weakness of the government (lemah means 'weak')",
"text": "lemahnya pemerintah",
"translation": "the weakness of the government (lemah means 'weak')",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to nominalize an adjective"
],
"id": "en--nya-id-suffix-Nmyilf-3",
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"used to nominalize an adjective"
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 14 14 4 15 4 4 26 4 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 23 23 1 9 1 1 17 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 14 5 12 5 5 24 5 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 2 4 7 3 3 13 3 3 6 2 2 2 2 3 7 6 6 6 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 3 2 8 2 2 16 2 1 2 3 3 3 3 2 8 6 6 6 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 2 1 10 1 1 19 1 1 3 2 2 2 2 1 10 6 6 6 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 0 32 0 0 68 0 0",
"word": "se- -nya"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
8
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
8,
10
]
],
"english": "eventually, we arrived at our destination (akhir means 'end,' in the end)",
"text": "akhirnya, kami sampai di tujuan",
"translation": "eventually, we arrived at our destination (akhir means 'end,' in the end)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
8
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
6,
8
]
],
"english": "normally, that car is always used (biasa means 'normal')",
"text": "biasanya, mobil itu selalu dipakai",
"translation": "normally, that car is always used (biasa means 'normal')",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "misal + -nya → misalnya ('for example')",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "sayang + -nya → sayangnya ('unfortunately')",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "singkat + -nya → singkatnya ('shortly')",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to form sentence adverbs (including discourse markers), often from nouns or adjectives; -ly"
],
"id": "en--nya-id-suffix-wPQi1KPU",
"links": [
[
"lexicalize",
"lexicalize"
],
[
"sentence adverb",
"sentence adverb#English"
],
[
"discourse marker",
"discourse marker#English"
],
[
"-ly",
"-ly"
]
],
"qualifier": "limited; often lexicalized; limited; often lexicalized",
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"(limited, often lexicalized) used to form sentence adverbs (including discourse markers), often from nouns or adjectives; -ly"
],
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 0 22 0 0 77 0 0",
"word": "aku"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 0 22 0 0 77 0 0",
"word": "saya1"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 0 22 0 0 77 0 0",
"word": "kami"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 0 22 0 0 77 0 0",
"word": "-ku"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 0 22 0 0 77 0 0",
"word": "-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 0 22 0 0 77 0 0",
"word": "ku-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 0 22 0 0 77 0 0",
"word": "kita"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 0 22 0 0 77 0 0",
"word": "kamu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 0 22 0 0 77 0 0",
"word": "Anda2"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 0 22 0 0 77 0 0",
"word": "kau3"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 0 22 0 0 77 0 0",
"word": "kalian"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 0 22 0 0 77 0 0",
"word": "Anda sekalian2"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 0 22 0 0 77 0 0",
"word": "Anda semua2"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 0 22 0 0 77 0 0",
"word": "-mu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 0 22 0 0 77 0 0",
"word": "dia"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 0 22 0 0 77 0 0",
"word": "beliau4"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 0 22 0 0 77 0 0",
"word": "ia3"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 0 22 0 0 77 0 0",
"word": "mereka"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 0 22 0 0 77 0 0",
"word": "diri5"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 0 22 0 0 77 0 0",
"word": "diri sendiri"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 0 22 0 0 77 0 0",
"word": "sendiri"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 0 22 0 0 77 0 0",
"word": "This table only shows personal pronouns that are commonly used in the standard language"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 0 22 0 0 77 0 0",
"word": "The second person pronouns are often replaced by kinship terms"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 0 22 0 0 77 0 0",
"word": "titles"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 0 22 0 0 77 0 0",
"word": "or the like"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 0 22 0 0 77 0 0",
"english": "object or possessor",
"translation": "object or possessor",
"word": "The enclitics are only used obliquely"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 0 22 0 0 77 0 0",
"word": "while the proclitic is only used as a subject"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "secara"
},
{
"word": "dengan"
}
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
9
]
],
"english": "the reading of the book",
"text": "dibacanya buku",
"translation": "the reading of the book",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to nominalize a passive verb"
],
"id": "en--nya-id-suffix-mwx8QeqI",
"links": [
[
"di-",
"di-#Indonesian"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"(with the passive prefix 'di-') used to nominalize a passive verb"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with the passive prefix 'di-'"
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
12
]
],
"english": "The way he writes is slow.",
"text": "Dia nulisnya lama.",
"translation": "The way he writes is slow.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
13
]
],
"english": "You should not eat like that.",
"text": "Kamu makannya jangan gitu.",
"translation": "You should not eat like that.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"uses to nominalize an active verb"
],
"id": "en--nya-id-suffix-HU8N0L29",
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"(sometimes colloquial in some contexts) uses to nominalize an active verb"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in some contexts"
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"colloquial",
"morpheme",
"sometimes"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɲa/",
"tags": [
"Standard-Indonesian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɲa]",
"tags": [
"Standard-Indonesian"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-a"
}
],
"word": "-nya"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xbr",
"2": "pronoun"
},
"expansion": "-nya",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Kambera",
"lang_code": "xbr",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 66",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kambera entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 62",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kambera particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 76",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kambera pronominal clitics",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"third person singular dative enclitic"
],
"id": "en--nya-xbr-pron-6ANdzFjY",
"links": [
[
"dative",
"dative#English"
],
[
"enclitic",
"enclitic#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"dative",
"enclitic",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "-nya"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xbr",
"2": "particle"
},
"expansion": "-nya",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Kambera",
"lang_code": "xbr",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "59 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kambera pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
13
]
],
"english": "I am going.",
"text": "Laku-nggu-nya.",
"translation": "I am going.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"continuative aspect enclitic"
],
"id": "en--nya-xbr-particle-7zzYyAxk",
"related": [
{
"word": "ku-"
},
{
"word": "-nggu"
},
{
"word": "-ka"
},
{
"word": "-ngga"
},
{
"alt": "u-",
"word": "mu-"
},
{
"word": "-mu"
},
{
"word": "-kau"
},
{
"word": "-nggau"
},
{
"word": "na-"
},
{
"word": "-na"
},
{
"word": "-ya"
},
{
"word": "ta-"
},
{
"word": "-nda"
},
{
"word": "-ta"
},
{
"word": "ma-"
},
{
"word": "-ma"
},
{
"word": "-kama"
},
{
"word": "-nggama"
},
{
"alt": "i-",
"word": "mi-"
},
{
"word": "-mi"
},
{
"alt": "-kai",
"word": "-kami"
},
{
"alt": "-nggai",
"word": "-nggami"
},
{
"word": "da-"
},
{
"word": "-da"
},
{
"word": "-ha"
},
{
"word": "-nja"
}
]
}
],
"word": "-nya"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"inherited"
],
"word": "-nya"
},
{
"lang": "Petjo",
"lang_code": "pey",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-nja"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*ña",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Malayic/ña"
],
[
"*ni-a",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/ni-a"
],
[
"*ni-a",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Austronesian/ni-a"
],
[
"niya",
"niya#Tagalog"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "poz-mly-pro",
"3": "*ña",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayic *ña",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "poz-mly-pro",
"3": "*ña"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Malayic *ña",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*ni-a"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ni-a",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "map-pro",
"3": "*ni-a"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *ni-a",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "niya"
},
"expansion": "Tagalog niya",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Malayic *ña, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ni-a, from Proto-Austronesian *ni-a. Compare Tagalog niya.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ڽ",
"tags": [
"Jawi"
]
},
{
"form": "-nye",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"pronunciation-spelling"
]
},
{
"form": "-nyo",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"pronunciation-spelling"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "Jawi spelling",
"4": "-ڽ"
},
"expansion": "-nya (Jawi spelling -ڽ)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"-nya"
]
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 20 20 1 9 5 5 4 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
13,
16
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
10,
13
]
],
"english": "Adam said his mother is at home.",
"text": "Adam kata ibunya di rumah.",
"translation": "Adam said his mother is at home.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Third person singular oblique enclitic pronoun.",
"As a possessive adjective."
],
"id": "en--nya-ms-suffix-5I94Jy9D",
"links": [
[
"-Nya",
"-Nya#Malay"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 20 20 1 9 5 5 4 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
14
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
9,
12
],
[
13,
16
]
],
"english": "I hugged him/her.",
"text": "Aku memeluknya.",
"translation": "I hugged him/her.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
22,
25
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
16,
19
],
[
20,
23
]
],
"english": "We haven't told him/her that story yet.",
"text": "Kami belum memberitahunya cerita itu.",
"translation": "We haven't told him/her that story yet.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Third person singular oblique enclitic pronoun.",
"As a direct or indirect object"
],
"id": "en--nya-ms-suffix-moZClZbl",
"links": [
[
"-Nya",
"-Nya#Malay"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 20 20 1 9 5 5 4 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
32,
35
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
25,
28
],
[
29,
32
]
],
"english": "I borrowed this pen from him/her.",
"text": "Aku meminjam pensel ini daripadanya.",
"translation": "I borrowed this pen from him/her.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Third person singular oblique enclitic pronoun.",
"As an object of a preposition, with the exception for 'di', 'ke'."
],
"id": "en--nya-ms-suffix-d2WfozT1",
"links": [
[
"-Nya",
"-Nya#Malay"
],
[
"di",
"di#Malay"
],
[
"ke",
"ke#Malay"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_literal_offsets": [
[
0,
3
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
10
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
3
]
],
"english": "The problem is we've run out of money.",
"literal_meaning": "Its problem (is) we already finish money.",
"text": "Masalahnya kita sudah habis duit.",
"translation": "The problem is we've run out of money.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to mark definiteness."
],
"id": "en--nya-ms-suffix-OYJIS4lH",
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"(in some contexts and positions only) Used to mark definiteness."
],
"raw_tags": [
"in some contexts and positions only"
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_literal_offsets": [
[
5,
7
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
7
]
],
"english": "my book",
"literal_meaning": "book of me",
"text": "bukunya aku",
"translation": "my book",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_literal_offsets": [
[
14,
16
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
8
]
],
"english": "Dani's older brother",
"literal_meaning": "older brother of Dani",
"text": "abangnya Dani",
"translation": "Dani's older brother",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to mark possessive, especially in some context where it needs to be clear."
],
"id": "en--nya-ms-suffix-TXui7v2j",
"links": [
[
"possessive",
"possessive#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"Used to mark possessive, especially in some context where it needs to be clear."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
8
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
14,
22
]
],
"english": "This candy is so sweet.",
"text": "Manisnya gula-gula ini.",
"translation": "This candy is so sweet.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to emphasise an adjective."
],
"id": "en--nya-ms-suffix-eS-GIxj-",
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"Used to emphasise an adjective."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
4,
9
]
],
"english": "the speed of a car (laju means 'fast')",
"text": "lajunya sebuah kereta",
"translation": "the speed of a car (laju means 'fast')",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
8
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
4,
12
]
],
"english": "the weakness of the government (lemah means 'weak')",
"text": "lemahnya kerajaan",
"translation": "the weakness of the government (lemah means 'weak')",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to nominalise an adjective."
],
"id": "en--nya-ms-suffix-QSMqE~7l",
"links": [
[
"dependent",
"dependent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"Used to nominalise an adjective."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
9
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
4,
11
]
],
"english": "the reading of the book",
"text": "dibacanya buku",
"translation": "the reading of the book",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to nominalise a passive verb."
],
"id": "en--nya-ms-suffix-ZTxtkdKJ",
"links": [
[
"di-",
"di-#Malay"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"(with the passive prefix 'di-') Used to nominalise a passive verb."
],
"raw_tags": [
"with the passive prefix 'di-'"
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 2 2 4 7 3 3 13 3 3 6 2 2 2 2 3 7 6 6 6 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 3 2 8 2 2 16 2 1 2 3 3 3 3 2 8 6 6 6 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 2 1 10 1 1 19 1 1 3 2 2 2 2 1 10 6 6 6 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 12 12 3 14 8 8 8 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 20 20 1 9 5 5 4 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 12 12 5 11 9 9 8 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 20 12 12 12 42",
"word": "se- -nya"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
8
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
8,
10
]
],
"english": "eventually, we arrived at our destination (akhir means 'end,' in the end)",
"text": "akhirnya, kami sampai di tujuan",
"translation": "eventually, we arrived at our destination (akhir means 'end,' in the end)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
8
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
6,
8
]
],
"english": "normally, that car is always used (biasa means 'normal')",
"text": "biasanya, mobil itu selalu dipakai",
"translation": "normally, that car is always used (biasa means 'normal')",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "misal + -nya → misalnya ('for example')",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "sayang + -nya → sayangnya ('unfortunately')",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to form sentence adverbs (including discourse markers), often from nouns or adjectives; -ly"
],
"id": "en--nya-ms-suffix-wPQi1KPU",
"links": [
[
"lexicalize",
"lexicalize"
],
[
"sentence adverb",
"sentence adverb#English"
],
[
"discourse marker",
"discourse marker#English"
],
[
"-ly",
"-ly"
]
],
"qualifier": "limited; often lexicalized; limited; often lexicalized",
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"(limited, often lexicalized) used to form sentence adverbs (including discourse markers), often from nouns or adjectives; -ly"
],
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 16 10 10 10 54",
"word": "-ku"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 16 10 10 10 54",
"word": "-mu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 16 10 10 10 54",
"word": "nya"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 16 10 10 10 54",
"word": "saya1 aku3"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 16 10 10 10 54",
"word": "kita4 kami2 & 5 kita orang3 & 5"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 16 10 10 10 54",
"alt": "eng",
"word": "awak1 anda2 awda8kau3 kamu3"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 16 10 10 10 54",
"alt": "eng",
"tags": [
"second-person"
],
"word": "+ semua6 kalian2kau orang3"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 16 10 10 10 54",
"word": "dia ia beliau7 -nya2"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 16 10 10 10 54",
"word": "mereka2 dia orang3"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 16 10 10 10 54",
"word": "This table mostly only shows personal pronouns that are commonly used in the standard language and within the Klang Valley area"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 16 10 10 10 54",
"word": "The second person pronouns are often replaced by kinship terms"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 16 10 10 10 54",
"word": "titles"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 16 10 10 10 54",
"word": "or the like"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 16 10 10 10 54",
"english": "as an object or possessor",
"translation": "as an object or possessor",
"word": "The enclitic -nya is only used obliquely"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 16 10 10 10 54",
"word": "The second person pronoun kamu is usually only used when speaking with younger speakers"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "secara"
},
{
"word": "dengan"
}
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɲə/",
"note": "Southern Peninsular Malaysia Standard"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɲə]",
"note": "Southern Peninsular Malaysia Standard"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɲa/",
"note": "/a/-variety, Literary Standard"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɲa]",
"note": "/a/-variety, Literary Standard"
}
],
"word": "-nya"
}
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian 1-syllable words",
"Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Indonesian lemmas",
"Indonesian pronouns",
"Indonesian suffixes",
"Indonesian terms derived from Malay",
"Indonesian terms derived from Proto-Austronesian",
"Indonesian terms derived from Proto-Malayic",
"Indonesian terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"Indonesian terms inherited from Malay",
"Indonesian terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian",
"Indonesian terms inherited from Proto-Malayic",
"Indonesian terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Indonesian terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Indonesian/a",
"Rhymes:Indonesian/a/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "se- -nya"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"-nya",
"-nya#Malay"
],
[
"*ña",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Malayic/ña"
],
[
"*ni-a",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/ni-a"
],
[
"*ni-a",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Austronesian/ni-a"
],
[
"niya",
"niya#Tagalog"
],
[
"-ne",
"-ne#Javanese"
],
[
"-na",
"-na#Madurese"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms",
"3": "-nya"
},
"expansion": "Malay -nya",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "poz-mly-pro",
"3": "*ña"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayic *ña",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*ni-a"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ni-a",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "map-pro",
"3": "*ni-a"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *ni-a",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "niya"
},
"expansion": "Tagalog niya",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "jv",
"2": "-ne"
},
"expansion": "Javanese -ne",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mad",
"2": "-na"
},
"expansion": "Madurese -na",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Malay -nya, from Proto-Malayic *ña, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ni-a, from Proto-Austronesian *ni-a (compare Tagalog niya, Javanese -ne, Madurese -na).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-nja",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-nya",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"-nya"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"",
"nya"
]
}
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "aku"
},
{
"word": "saya1"
},
{
"word": "kami"
},
{
"word": "-ku"
},
{
"word": "-"
},
{
"word": "ku-"
},
{
"word": "kita"
},
{
"word": "kamu"
},
{
"word": "Anda2"
},
{
"word": "kau3"
},
{
"word": "kalian"
},
{
"word": "Anda sekalian2"
},
{
"word": "Anda semua2"
},
{
"word": "-mu"
},
{
"word": "dia"
},
{
"word": "beliau4"
},
{
"word": "ia3"
},
{
"word": "mereka"
},
{
"word": "diri5"
},
{
"word": "diri sendiri"
},
{
"word": "sendiri"
},
{
"word": "This table only shows personal pronouns that are commonly used in the standard language"
},
{
"word": "The second person pronouns are often replaced by kinship terms"
},
{
"word": "titles"
},
{
"word": "or the like"
},
{
"english": "object or possessor",
"translation": "object or possessor",
"word": "The enclitics are only used obliquely"
},
{
"word": "while the proclitic is only used as a subject"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
6
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
3
]
],
"english": "his mother",
"text": "ibunya",
"translation": "his mother",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Third person singular oblique enclitic pronoun",
"as a possessive adjective"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
14
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
9,
12
]
],
"english": "I hugged him.",
"text": "Aku memeluknya.",
"translation": "I hugged him.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
25,
28
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
16,
19
]
],
"english": "We haven't told her about this yet.",
"text": "Kami belum memberitahukannya tentang ini",
"translation": "We haven't told her about this yet.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Third person singular oblique enclitic pronoun",
"as a direct or indirect object"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
26,
29
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
23,
26
]
],
"english": "I borrow this pen from him.",
"text": "Aku pinjam pensil ini darinya.",
"translation": "I borrow this pen from him.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Third person singular oblique enclitic pronoun",
"as an object of a preposition, with the exception for 'di', 'ke', and sometimes 'dalam' (see the usage notes below)"
],
"links": [
[
"di",
"di#Indonesian"
],
[
"ke",
"ke#Indonesian"
],
[
"dalam",
"dalam#Indonesian"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_literal_offsets": [
[
0,
3
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
11
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
3
]
],
"english": "The building is beautiful.",
"literal_meaning": "Its building (is) beautiful.",
"text": "Bangunannya indah",
"translation": "The building is beautiful.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_literal_offsets": [
[
11,
14
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
10
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
9,
12
]
],
"english": "Where is the cloth?",
"literal_meaning": "Where (is) its cloth?",
"text": "Pakaiannya mana?",
"translation": "Where is the cloth?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to mark definiteness"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"(in some contexts and positions only) used to mark definiteness"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in some contexts and positions only"
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_literal_offsets": [
[
5,
7
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
7
]
],
"english": "my book",
"literal_meaning": "book of me",
"text": "bukunya aku",
"translation": "my book",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_literal_offsets": [
[
14,
16
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
8
]
],
"english": "Dani's older brother",
"literal_meaning": "older brother of Dani",
"text": "abangnya Dani",
"translation": "Dani's older brother",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to mark possessive, especially in some context where it needs to be clear"
],
"links": [
[
"possessive",
"possessive#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"used to mark possessive, especially in some context where it needs to be clear"
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
8
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
3
]
],
"english": "How sweet this candy is!",
"text": "Manisnya permen ini!",
"translation": "How sweet this candy is!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to emphasize an adjective"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"used to emphasize an adjective"
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
8
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
15,
17
]
],
"english": "the extinction of a language (punah means 'extinct')",
"text": "punahnya suatu bahasa",
"translation": "the extinction of a language (punah means 'extinct')",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
8
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
13,
15
]
],
"english": "the weakness of the government (lemah means 'weak')",
"text": "lemahnya pemerintah",
"translation": "the weakness of the government (lemah means 'weak')",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to nominalize an adjective"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"used to nominalize an adjective"
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
8
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
8,
10
]
],
"english": "eventually, we arrived at our destination (akhir means 'end,' in the end)",
"text": "akhirnya, kami sampai di tujuan",
"translation": "eventually, we arrived at our destination (akhir means 'end,' in the end)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
8
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
6,
8
]
],
"english": "normally, that car is always used (biasa means 'normal')",
"text": "biasanya, mobil itu selalu dipakai",
"translation": "normally, that car is always used (biasa means 'normal')",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "misal + -nya → misalnya ('for example')",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "sayang + -nya → sayangnya ('unfortunately')",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "singkat + -nya → singkatnya ('shortly')",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to form sentence adverbs (including discourse markers), often from nouns or adjectives; -ly"
],
"links": [
[
"lexicalize",
"lexicalize"
],
[
"sentence adverb",
"sentence adverb#English"
],
[
"discourse marker",
"discourse marker#English"
],
[
"-ly",
"-ly"
]
],
"qualifier": "limited; often lexicalized; limited; often lexicalized",
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"(limited, often lexicalized) used to form sentence adverbs (including discourse markers), often from nouns or adjectives; -ly"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "secara"
},
{
"word": "dengan"
}
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
9
]
],
"english": "the reading of the book",
"text": "dibacanya buku",
"translation": "the reading of the book",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to nominalize a passive verb"
],
"links": [
[
"di-",
"di-#Indonesian"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"(with the passive prefix 'di-') used to nominalize a passive verb"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with the passive prefix 'di-'"
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian colloquialisms",
"Indonesian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
12
]
],
"english": "The way he writes is slow.",
"text": "Dia nulisnya lama.",
"translation": "The way he writes is slow.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
13
]
],
"english": "You should not eat like that.",
"text": "Kamu makannya jangan gitu.",
"translation": "You should not eat like that.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"uses to nominalize an active verb"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"(sometimes colloquial in some contexts) uses to nominalize an active verb"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in some contexts"
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"colloquial",
"morpheme",
"sometimes"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɲa/",
"tags": [
"Standard-Indonesian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɲa]",
"tags": [
"Standard-Indonesian"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-a"
}
],
"word": "-nya"
}
{
"categories": [
"Kambera entries with incorrect language header",
"Kambera lemmas",
"Kambera particles",
"Kambera pronominal clitics",
"Kambera pronouns",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xbr",
"2": "pronoun"
},
"expansion": "-nya",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Kambera",
"lang_code": "xbr",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"third person singular dative enclitic"
],
"links": [
[
"dative",
"dative#English"
],
[
"enclitic",
"enclitic#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"dative",
"enclitic",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "-nya"
}
{
"categories": [
"Kambera entries with incorrect language header",
"Kambera lemmas",
"Kambera particles",
"Kambera pronominal clitics",
"Kambera pronouns",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xbr",
"2": "particle"
},
"expansion": "-nya",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Kambera",
"lang_code": "xbr",
"pos": "particle",
"related": [
{
"word": "ku-"
},
{
"word": "-nggu"
},
{
"word": "-ka"
},
{
"word": "-ngga"
},
{
"alt": "u-",
"word": "mu-"
},
{
"word": "-mu"
},
{
"word": "-kau"
},
{
"word": "-nggau"
},
{
"word": "na-"
},
{
"word": "-na"
},
{
"word": "-ya"
},
{
"word": "ta-"
},
{
"word": "-nda"
},
{
"word": "-ta"
},
{
"word": "ma-"
},
{
"word": "-ma"
},
{
"word": "-kama"
},
{
"word": "-nggama"
},
{
"alt": "i-",
"word": "mi-"
},
{
"word": "-mi"
},
{
"alt": "-kai",
"word": "-kami"
},
{
"alt": "-nggai",
"word": "-nggami"
},
{
"word": "da-"
},
{
"word": "-da"
},
{
"word": "-ha"
},
{
"word": "-nja"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Kambera terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
13
]
],
"english": "I am going.",
"text": "Laku-nggu-nya.",
"translation": "I am going.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"continuative aspect enclitic"
]
}
],
"word": "-nya"
}
{
"categories": [
"Malay 1-syllable words",
"Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"Malay lemmas",
"Malay pronouns",
"Malay suffixes",
"Malay terms derived from Proto-Austronesian",
"Malay terms derived from Proto-Malayic",
"Malay terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"Malay terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian",
"Malay terms inherited from Proto-Malayic",
"Malay terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"Malay terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Malay terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "se- -nya"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"inherited"
],
"word": "-nya"
},
{
"lang": "Petjo",
"lang_code": "pey",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-nja"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*ña",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Malayic/ña"
],
[
"*ni-a",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/ni-a"
],
[
"*ni-a",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Austronesian/ni-a"
],
[
"niya",
"niya#Tagalog"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "poz-mly-pro",
"3": "*ña",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayic *ña",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "poz-mly-pro",
"3": "*ña"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Malayic *ña",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*ni-a"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ni-a",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "map-pro",
"3": "*ni-a"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *ni-a",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "niya"
},
"expansion": "Tagalog niya",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Malayic *ña, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ni-a, from Proto-Austronesian *ni-a. Compare Tagalog niya.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ڽ",
"tags": [
"Jawi"
]
},
{
"form": "-nye",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"pronunciation-spelling"
]
},
{
"form": "-nyo",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"pronunciation-spelling"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "Jawi spelling",
"4": "-ڽ"
},
"expansion": "-nya (Jawi spelling -ڽ)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"-nya"
]
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-ku"
},
{
"word": "-mu"
},
{
"word": "nya"
},
{
"word": "saya1 aku3"
},
{
"word": "kita4 kami2 & 5 kita orang3 & 5"
},
{
"alt": "eng",
"word": "awak1 anda2 awda8kau3 kamu3"
},
{
"alt": "eng",
"tags": [
"second-person"
],
"word": "+ semua6 kalian2kau orang3"
},
{
"word": "dia ia beliau7 -nya2"
},
{
"word": "mereka2 dia orang3"
},
{
"word": "This table mostly only shows personal pronouns that are commonly used in the standard language and within the Klang Valley area"
},
{
"word": "The second person pronouns are often replaced by kinship terms"
},
{
"word": "titles"
},
{
"word": "or the like"
},
{
"english": "as an object or possessor",
"translation": "as an object or possessor",
"word": "The enclitic -nya is only used obliquely"
},
{
"word": "The second person pronoun kamu is usually only used when speaking with younger speakers"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Malay terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
13,
16
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
10,
13
]
],
"english": "Adam said his mother is at home.",
"text": "Adam kata ibunya di rumah.",
"translation": "Adam said his mother is at home.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Third person singular oblique enclitic pronoun.",
"As a possessive adjective."
],
"links": [
[
"-Nya",
"-Nya#Malay"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Malay terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
14
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
9,
12
],
[
13,
16
]
],
"english": "I hugged him/her.",
"text": "Aku memeluknya.",
"translation": "I hugged him/her.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
22,
25
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
16,
19
],
[
20,
23
]
],
"english": "We haven't told him/her that story yet.",
"text": "Kami belum memberitahunya cerita itu.",
"translation": "We haven't told him/her that story yet.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Third person singular oblique enclitic pronoun.",
"As a direct or indirect object"
],
"links": [
[
"-Nya",
"-Nya#Malay"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Malay terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
32,
35
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
25,
28
],
[
29,
32
]
],
"english": "I borrowed this pen from him/her.",
"text": "Aku meminjam pensel ini daripadanya.",
"translation": "I borrowed this pen from him/her.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Third person singular oblique enclitic pronoun.",
"As an object of a preposition, with the exception for 'di', 'ke'."
],
"links": [
[
"-Nya",
"-Nya#Malay"
],
[
"di",
"di#Malay"
],
[
"ke",
"ke#Malay"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Malay terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_literal_offsets": [
[
0,
3
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
10
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
3
]
],
"english": "The problem is we've run out of money.",
"literal_meaning": "Its problem (is) we already finish money.",
"text": "Masalahnya kita sudah habis duit.",
"translation": "The problem is we've run out of money.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to mark definiteness."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"(in some contexts and positions only) Used to mark definiteness."
],
"raw_tags": [
"in some contexts and positions only"
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Malay terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_literal_offsets": [
[
5,
7
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
7
]
],
"english": "my book",
"literal_meaning": "book of me",
"text": "bukunya aku",
"translation": "my book",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_literal_offsets": [
[
14,
16
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
8
]
],
"english": "Dani's older brother",
"literal_meaning": "older brother of Dani",
"text": "abangnya Dani",
"translation": "Dani's older brother",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to mark possessive, especially in some context where it needs to be clear."
],
"links": [
[
"possessive",
"possessive#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"Used to mark possessive, especially in some context where it needs to be clear."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Malay terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
8
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
14,
22
]
],
"english": "This candy is so sweet.",
"text": "Manisnya gula-gula ini.",
"translation": "This candy is so sweet.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to emphasise an adjective."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"Used to emphasise an adjective."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Malay terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
4,
9
]
],
"english": "the speed of a car (laju means 'fast')",
"text": "lajunya sebuah kereta",
"translation": "the speed of a car (laju means 'fast')",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
8
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
4,
12
]
],
"english": "the weakness of the government (lemah means 'weak')",
"text": "lemahnya kerajaan",
"translation": "the weakness of the government (lemah means 'weak')",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to nominalise an adjective."
],
"links": [
[
"dependent",
"dependent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"Used to nominalise an adjective."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Malay terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
9
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
4,
11
]
],
"english": "the reading of the book",
"text": "dibacanya buku",
"translation": "the reading of the book",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to nominalise a passive verb."
],
"links": [
[
"di-",
"di-#Malay"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"(with the passive prefix 'di-') Used to nominalise a passive verb."
],
"raw_tags": [
"with the passive prefix 'di-'"
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
8
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
8,
10
]
],
"english": "eventually, we arrived at our destination (akhir means 'end,' in the end)",
"text": "akhirnya, kami sampai di tujuan",
"translation": "eventually, we arrived at our destination (akhir means 'end,' in the end)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
8
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
6,
8
]
],
"english": "normally, that car is always used (biasa means 'normal')",
"text": "biasanya, mobil itu selalu dipakai",
"translation": "normally, that car is always used (biasa means 'normal')",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "misal + -nya → misalnya ('for example')",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "sayang + -nya → sayangnya ('unfortunately')",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to form sentence adverbs (including discourse markers), often from nouns or adjectives; -ly"
],
"links": [
[
"lexicalize",
"lexicalize"
],
[
"sentence adverb",
"sentence adverb#English"
],
[
"discourse marker",
"discourse marker#English"
],
[
"-ly",
"-ly"
]
],
"qualifier": "limited; often lexicalized; limited; often lexicalized",
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"(limited, often lexicalized) used to form sentence adverbs (including discourse markers), often from nouns or adjectives; -ly"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "secara"
},
{
"word": "dengan"
}
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɲə/",
"note": "Southern Peninsular Malaysia Standard"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɲə]",
"note": "Southern Peninsular Malaysia Standard"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɲa/",
"note": "/a/-variety, Literary Standard"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɲa]",
"note": "/a/-variety, Literary Standard"
}
],
"word": "-nya"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -nya meaning in All languages combined (21.4kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Malay: 'kita4 kami2 & 5 kita orang3 & 5', originally 'kita4 kami2 & 5 kita orang3 & 5'",
"path": [
"-nya"
],
"section": "Malay",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-nya",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.